Is It Chief Operating Officer or Chief Operations Officer?

The correct and standard title is Chief Operating Officer. Not "Chief Operations Officer."

Both versions refer to the same role, and you will occasionally see "Chief Operations Officer" in job postings or company announcements. But "Chief Operating Officer" is the universally accepted title used by the overwhelming majority of companies, business publications, and professional organizations.

The distinction is grammatical. "Operating" is a present participle functioning as an adjective (describing the type of officer). "Operations" is a noun used as a modifier. Both are technically valid English, but "Chief Operating Officer" has been the standard since the role was formalized in the mid-20th century.

If you are hiring for this role or putting it on your business card, use Chief Operating Officer. Full stop.

Now, here is what actually matters: what the role involves.

What a Chief Operating Officer Does

The COO is the executive responsible for translating strategy into execution. While the CEO sets the company's direction, the COO builds and manages the operational systems that move the company in that direction every day.

The COO's five core responsibilities:

1. Operational Execution

The COO owns the company's operational performance. This means designing, implementing, and optimizing the processes that produce revenue and deliver value to customers.

At a SaaS company, this means product delivery and customer onboarding. At a manufacturing company, this means production and supply chain. At a services firm, this means project delivery and quality control. The specifics change by industry, but the accountability is the same: the operations work.

2. Cross-Functional Coordination

No department operates in isolation. The COO ensures that sales, product, operations, finance, and support work together instead of in silos. This is the function that no individual VP can perform because it requires authority across all departments.

According to Harvard Business Review's research on the COO role, the COO's effectiveness depends on their ability to serve as the "connective tissue" between the CEO's strategy and the organization's execution capacity.

3. People and Organizational Design

The COO typically manages the organizational structure: who reports to whom, how departments are configured, and where new roles are needed. They own the hiring plan (in coordination with the CEO), the performance management system, and the operational culture.

4. Financial Performance

While the CFO owns the financial reporting and strategy, the COO owns the operational levers that drive financial performance. Gross margin, operational efficiency, cost structure, vendor economics, and resource utilization all fall under the COO's domain.

5. CEO Partnership

The COO exists to make the CEO more effective. By taking ownership of internal operations, the COO frees the CEO to focus on vision, fundraising, partnerships, and external relationships. This partnership only works when both leaders trust each other and have clearly divided responsibilities.

COO Compensation in 2025

According to Salary.com and Glassdoor:

Company Size	Base Salary	Total Compensation
Small ($1M-$10M revenue)	$120,000-$200,000	$150,000-$300,000
Mid-market ($10M-$100M)	$200,000-$350,000	$300,000-$600,000
Enterprise ($100M+)	$300,000-$500,000+	$500,000-$2M+

Fractional COO alternative: For companies that need COO-level leadership but cannot justify full-time compensation, fractional COO services cost $3,000-$10,000/month ($36,000-$120,000/year), providing 10-15 hours per week of senior operational leadership. According to market data from Fractionus, one in four U.S. businesses now uses some form of fractional executive leadership.

How the COO Fits in the Corporate Hierarchy

Level	Title	Scope
1	Board of Directors	Governance
2	CEO	Company-wide strategy
3	COO	Company-wide operations
3	CFO, CTO, CMO	Function-wide leadership
4	SVP/EVP	Multi-department oversight
5	VP	Department leadership
6	Director	Sub-function leadership
7	Manager	Team leadership

The COO sits at the same organizational level as other C-suite executives (CFO, CTO, CMO) but is typically considered the "first among equals" after the CEO because the role spans all operational functions.

When a Company Needs a COO

Not every company needs a COO. Many successful companies under $5M in revenue operate without one. The need typically emerges when:

Revenue passes $5M-$10M and operational complexity exceeds the CEO's bandwidth
Headcount passes 30-50 and informal coordination breaks down
The CEO is spending 40%+ of their time on internal operations instead of strategy and growth
Cross-departmental coordination is failing (projects stall, handoffs break, decisions take too long)
Operational costs are scaling faster than revenue (declining margins despite growth)

The fractional COO entry point: For companies experiencing these signals but not ready for a $300K+ full-time hire, a fractional COO engagement at $5,000-$10,000/month provides the operational leadership to build systems, establish cadences, and free the CEO from daily operations. Most companies in the $3M-$15M range start here.

The Skills That Define a Strong COO

Regardless of whether the title says "Operating" or "Operations," the skills that make a COO effective are consistent:

Operational skills:

Process design and optimization
Project management and execution discipline
Data-driven decision making
Vendor management and negotiation
Technology evaluation and implementation

Leadership skills:

Cross-functional team leadership
Change management across resistance
Communication clarity (translating strategy into action items)
Conflict resolution between departments
Talent development and succession planning

Strategic skills:

Financial modeling and unit economics
Organizational design
Risk assessment and mitigation
Scaling frameworks (what works at 30 people will not work at 100)
Board-level communication and reporting

According to McKinsey's research on COO effectiveness, the COO role is evolving from a "back-office" function to a strategic leadership position that drives technology adoption, operational innovation, and organizational transformation.

FAQs

Is it Chief Operating Officer or Chief Operations Officer? The standard title is Chief Operating Officer. "Chief Operations Officer" is occasionally used but is not the norm. Both refer to the same role.
What does a COO do day to day? A COO manages company-wide operations through weekly cadences: leadership meetings, departmental reviews, financial performance tracking, cross-functional coordination, and strategic planning with the CEO.
Is the COO the second-in-command? In most organizations, yes. The COO reports to the CEO and is typically the highest-ranking executive after the CEO. In companies with a President, the President may hold the second-in-command position.
What qualifications does a COO need? Most COOs have 15+ years of progressive leadership experience, an MBA or equivalent advanced degree, cross-functional operational experience, and a track record of scaling organizations. For fractional COOs, the experience threshold is similar but the engagement model is part-time.
Can a small company have a COO? Yes, either as a full-time hire or through a fractional COO arrangement. Companies as small as $3M in revenue benefit from COO-level leadership when operational complexity exceeds the CEO's capacity to manage alongside strategic responsibilities.

Is It Chief Operating Officer or Chief Operations Officer? The Correct Title